Myasthenia

 International Conference on Alzheimers, Dementia and Related Neurodegenerative Diseases December 03-04, 2018 Madrid, Spain. J Spine Neurosurg 2018, Volume 7DOI: 10.4172/2325-9701-C7-030. 

Myasthenia 

Maria Dalamagka 

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a potential pulverizing issue of neuromuscular transmission, causing anomalous muscle shortcoming. The larger part of patients with myasthenia gravis are grown-ups. Anyway, myasthenia gravis happens in the pediatric populace as pursues: relative, transient neonatal or adolescent myasthenia gravis. Truth be told, ongoing examinations demonstrate that youngsters establish 29% of all patients with myasthenia gravis. Half to 66% of these kids denied appropriate analysis until the principal year of infection beginning. Myasthenia gravis is related with other immune system issue.

Introduction: The ocular myasthenia due to neurological involvement and restricted to the eye muscles. Studies report that 26-31% of patients will experience eye symptoms before puberty, while a rate 9-16% of patients will present to adolescence. Up to 80% of myasthenic patients with ocular symptoms will gradually be brought within the first two years in systemic manifestation of the disease. The most frequent symptoms in most cases are ptosis, although older children may complain of double vision. Dysphagia and weakness of facial muscles is expected at a rate of 25% of patients. Unfortunately, many children may be confronted with crisis gravis, which can occur with bulbar symptoms and respiratory failure, which can lead to respiratory depression, as shown in reported exposure. Unlike adults, who present with respiratory symptoms at a rate of 10%, children before puberty may present with respiratory symptoms at a rate of almost 50%. 

Result: The Robinson C and his colleagues describe a pediatric patient, who had elevated thyroid stimulating hormone and exophthalmos. He also had a family history of systemic lupus erythematosus. Necessary assays is the control of antinuclear antibodies and antibodies to lupus and thyroid control. The thymus also plays a role in this autoimmune disorder, and is believed to be located, which produces antibodies to acetylcholine receptor and therefore imaging thymic recommended for any thymoma or dysplasia. Thymoma and thymic dysplasia rarely documented in juvenile gravis and are more likely to appear during adolescence or later, as patients positive for antibodies appear against the acetylcholine receptor. The Chang-Yong Tsao and colleagues refer to a pediatric patient with myasthenia, which had only events from the eye. He had high antibody against acetylcholine receptors and very high titers of thyroglobulin and antibodies against thyroid peroxidase, indicative of an autoimmune thyroid disease. Before treatment, the serum thyroxine was very low and the thyroid stimulating hormone is too high, consistent with hypothyroidism. The MRI and CT chest scans were normal. So ocular myasthenia gravis and hypothyroidism associated with autoimmune etiology. The same authors describe a second patient developed autoimmune polymyositis two years ago generalized myasthenia gravis. Antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor levels were increased and levels of complement low. Both patients had myasthenia gravis and another autoimmune disorder.

Discussion: The etiology of autoimmune myasthenia has been well documented. Autoimmune disorders have a higher prevalence in juvenile myasthenia gravis. In long-term monitoring of 149 patients with juvenile myasthenia gravis, approximately 16% of children have another autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile diabetes, asthma, and thyroid disease. Recently, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy also been associated with juvenile myasthenia gravis. In adult patients, a series of other autoimmune diseases are associated with myasthenia as pernicious anemia, systemic lupus, sarcoidosis, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, ulcerative colitis, pemphigus, the myasthenic syndrome Eaton Lambert, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia, the Guillain-Barre syndrome, neuromyotonia, Addison's disease and multiple sclerosis. 

Conclusion: Briefly, autoimmune diseases have been associated with juvenile myasthenia gravis is polymyositis and disease Hashimoto. Assays for other autoimmune disorders such as thyroid function, the antithyroid antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, creatinine kinase is necessary in MG as the treatment of these diseases can prevent serious complications.